Fig. 8From: Gas flow dynamics in the conduit of Strombolian explosions inferred from seismo-acoustic observations at Aso volcano, JapanAveraged gas velocity \(\overline{{U_{\text{g}} }}\) from various depths to the surface. The horizontal axis shows the depth at which gas starts to rise, and the vertical axis shows the averaged velocity \(\overline{{U_{\text{g}} }}\) when the gas rises from the depth to surface. The gas volume fraction is indicated by ε. We used ε = 0.45 to estimate \(\overline{{U_{\text{g}} }}\) (red line; Pioli et al. 2012)Back to article page