Fig. 3From: A large scale of apparent sudden movements in Japan detected by high-rate GPS after the 2011 Tohoku Mw9.0 earthquake: Physical signals or unidentified artifacts?The second-order effects (units: mm) of ionosphere on the sudden movements of all the GEONET stations within 1Â s between 14:59:45 and 14:59:46, corresponding to the vertical, east and north directions, respectively. The red star stands for the epicenter of the 2011 Tohoku earthquakeBack to article page