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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Evolution of field-aligned current in the meridional plane during substorm: multipoint observations from satellites and ground stations

Fig. 1

Positions of satellites in GSM coordinates in a the X-Y plane and b the meridional plane during 15:00–16:00 UT on July 9, 2013. The magnetic field line is estimated by the Tsyganenko 96 model at 15:15 UT, and the green dot is the magnetic equator on the field line. c Positions of ionospheric footprints of satellites and ground magnetic observatories during 15:00–16:00 UT on July 9, 2013. The ionospheric footprints are estimated by the Tsyganenko 96 model with fixed parameter obtained from solar wind data and SYM-H index at 15:15 UT. The grids show AACGM geomagnetic latitude and magnetic local time. The local time grids are calculated at 15:15 UT and spaced by an hour

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