Fig. 2From: Forecasting yearly geomagnetic variation through sequential estimation of core flow and magnetic diffusionThe RMS error of CHAOS-6 hindcasts at Earth’s surface (a, b) and the CMB (c, d), for flow-only hindcasts with \(L_u = 8\) (a, c), with \(L_u = 14\) (b, d). Comparisons to a reconstructed 2009-2010 CHAOS-3 forecast and the linear extrapolation of IGRF-11 are shown in a–d. The line styles denote the length of model fitting windowBack to article page