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Table 2 Errors statistics for the GO and VO (CHAMP and Swarm) datasets integrated in COV-OBS.x2: accepted number of data \(N_o\), fraction of rejected data (\(N_{o}^{*}\), in %), dimensionless L2 data misfit \({\mathcal{M}}^*\) and bias \(\mu ^*\), and dimensional L2 data misfit \({\mathcal{M}}\) and bias \(\mu \)

From: COV-OBS.x2: 180 years of geomagnetic field evolution from ground-based and satellite observations

Dataset

\(N_o\)

\(N_o^*\) (%)

\({\mathcal{M}}^*\)

\(\mu ^*\)

\({\mathcal{M}}\)

\(\mu \)

X

Y

Z

F

X

Y

Z

F

X

Y

Z

F

X

Y

Z

F

GO

21056

5.57

1.27

0.79

1.11

\(-\)

\(-\)0.01

0.00

\(-\)0.04

\(-\)

4.55

2.87

4.22

\(-\)

\(-\)0.01

\(-\)0.01

\(-\)0.15

\(-\)

CHAMP

17525

5.17

1.28

1.02

1.04

0.99

0.01

0.04

0.10

0.05

3.42

2.59

2.57

3.04

0.04

0.11

0.28

0.15

Swarm

13354

3.77

1.31

0.85

0.94

0.92

0.10

\(-\)0.04

0.11

0.08

3.14

2.11

2.10

2.69

0.28

\(-\)0.05

0.25

0.23

Total

51935

4.98

1.29

0.89

1.04

0.96

0.02

0.01

0.04

0.06

3.88

2.61

3.28

2.89

0.08

0.02

0.09

0.19

  1. Dimensional misfits and biases are in units of nT for VOs, and nT/year for GO