Fig. 1

Map showing the location of Shinmoe-dake volcano crater and observation sites. The solid triangle indicates the Shinmoe-dake volcano crater and the open square indicates the ISA observation site, where the strain data were recorded. Thick bars at ISA show the azimuths of the extensometers, and contours give the surface topography in 200-m intervals. The open circle represents the location of the point inflation source that corresponds to the shallow magma chamber inferred from GNSS data (Nakao et al. 2013). The cross represents the location of AMeDAS station Ebino (EBN) of the Japan Meteorological Agency, where the precipitation data used in this study were recorded