Fig. 1

Locations of volcanoes that have produced VEI > 6 eruptions during the late Pleistocene and Holocene in and around the Japanese archipelago. Yellow circles show the sites of VEI 7 eruptions. Green circles indicate the volcanoes which produced VEI 6 class eruptions. Representative isopach lines of three co-ignimbrite ash falls (Aso-4 at ~ 89 ka from Aso caldera, AT erupted at 30 ka from Aira caldera, and Ah erupted at 7.3 ka from Kikai caldera) are shown