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Table 1 Analytical results for collected water samples

From: Original composition and formation process of slab-derived deep brine from Kashio mineral spring in central Japan

Sample type

Sampling site

Sample ID

Sampling date

Sampling time, h

Temperature,  °C

pH

Electric conductivity, mS/cm

TDS, mg/L

Na, mg/L

K, mg/L

Mg, mg/L

Ca, mg/L

Li, mg/L

Mineral spring

Kashio A

KNK-16-M005

2016/5/15

11.8

7.8

53.0

37,000

13,400

177

73

651

77.6

KNK-16-M009

2016/6/29

13.1

8.0

56.8

36,700

13,300

173

63

607

77.1

KNK-16-M015

2016/7/27

2.5

11.8

8.0

57.2

36,600

13,200

171

62

601

76.6

KNK-16-M020

2016/9/26

13.0

7.9

51.7

36,300

13,200

171

62

599

76.6

KNK-16-M024

2016/9/27

1.5

12.7

7.9

56.7

36,700

13,200

170

61

595

76.4

KNK-16-M025

2016/9/27

5

11.4

7.9

57.0

36,800

13,200

171

62

599

76.8

KNK-16-M030

2016/11/5

12.9

7.7

56.8

36,900

13,200

166

45

563

77.1

Kashio B

KNK-16-M006

2016/5/15

17.6

7.8

42.5

28,100

10,200

143

57

403

62.3

KNK-16-M008

2016/6/28

14.9

7.8

41.0

24,800

9010

121

46

368

53.5

KNK-16-M010

2016/6/29

2.5

12.6

7.9

29.5

17,200

6250

88

35

240

36.7

KNK-16-M012

2016/7/27

0.5

13.9

7.8

31.4

18,500

6730

95

36

257

39.4

KNK-16-M013

2016/7/27

1.5

7.9

30.0

17,500

6360

89

35

244

37.3

KNK-16-M014

2016/7/27

3.5

12.3

7.9

28.7

17,000

6120

86

34

234

35.8

KNK-16-M018

2016/8/27

13.1

7.7

29.9

22,800

8260

112

44

342

49.1

KNK-16-M021

2016/9/27

0.5

12.6

7.8

31.5

18,600

6730

93

35

255

39.2

KNK-16-M022

2016/9/27

2.5

13.5

7.8

29.0

17,400

6250

88

35

240

36.6

KNK-16-M023

2016/9/27

4.5

13.0

7.7

28.1

16,800

6050

84

33

232

35.2

KNK-16-M029

2016/11/5

13.1

7.7

30.3

18,900

6820

93

29

245

40.3

Nyuya

KNK-16-M007

2016/6/28

18.9

7.7

15.7

8760

3190

59

17

40

16.6

KNK-16-M017

2016/8/27

23.1

8.1

15.8

10,600

3860

72

20

50

20.1

KNK-16-M046

2016/11/6

9.1

7.9

17.5

10,200

3730

68

16

42

19.5

Syozu-no-yu

KNK-16-M004

2016/5/14

17.0

10.9

0.632

197

97.3

6.0

0.5

8.1

0.0

Sansyobo

KNK-16-M001

2016/5/14

18.4

8.0

2.8

1800

595

13.9

0.8

4.4

2.0

KNK-16-M042

2016/11/6

18.0

8.3

2.8

1880

623

14.1

0.4

3.1

2.1

Koshibu

KNK-16-M003

2016/5/14

24.3

9.0

0.602

418

133

2.5

0.3

1.2

0.4

KNK-16-M040

2016/11/6

24.4

9.0

0.572

430

136

2.3

0.1

0.7

0.5

River

R1 (Kashio)

KNK-16-M036

2016/11/5

10.3

8.0

0.098

78.4

1.8

0.5

2.3

14.2

0.0

R2 (Kashio)

KNK-16-M038

2016/11/5

11.2

8.3

0.123

95.0

3.4

0.7

3.1

16.5

0.0

R3 (Shiokawa)

KNK-16-M048

2016/11/6

8.1

8.3

0.143

116

1.4

0.3

1.3

25.8

0.0

R4 (Shiokawa)

KNK-16-M047

2016/11/6

9.6

8.1

0.147

114

3.4

0.4

7.8

15.1

0.0

R5 (Shiokawa)

KNK-16-M011

2016/6/29

14.1

8.9

0.256

110

3.2

0.4

3.3

20.8

0.0

KNK-16-M016

2016/7/27

16.5

8.3

0.284

115

3.8

0.4

3.7

21.5

0.0

KNK-16-M019

2016/8/27

15.9

8.6

0.273

116

3.7

0.5

3.9

21.2

0.0

KNK-16-M031

2016/11/5

7.9

8.7

0.150

117

3.9

0.4

4.4

20.5

0.0

R6 (Shiokawa)

KNK-16-M039

2016/11/5

9.1

8.2

0.162

124

5.5

0.5

4.7

20.5

0.0

R7 (Koshibu)

KNK-16-M041

2016/11/6

8.5

8.7

0.147

114

1.4

0.3

0.8

26.6

0.0

R8 (Koshibu)

KNK-16-M044

2016/11/6

11.2

8.3

0.161

127

2.2

0.5

2.2

27.2

0.0

Small spring

S1

KNK-16-M035

2016/11/5

10.3

8.3

0.200

156

5.6

1.0

5.1

27.7

0.0

S2

KNK-16-M037

2016/11/5

10.4

8.4

0.223

183

3.1

1.5

10.8

28.8

0.0

S3-1

KNK-16-M027

2016/11/4

7.8

7.8

0.151

122

1.4

1.6

5.3

21.3

0.0

S3-2

KNK-16-M028

2016/11/4

9.6

8.1

0.279

209

16.1

1.7

9.1

28.8

0.0

S4

KNK-16-M045

2016/11/6

11.9

8.2

0.178

129

12.0

1.0

8.1

12.3

0.0

S5

KNK-16-M032

2016/11/5

12.3

7.7

0.288

191

20.2

5.5

8.5

14.1

0.0

S6

KNK-16-M033

2016/11/5

14.0

8.5

0.197

119

2.5

0.3

5.0

21.4

0.0

S7

KNK-16-M034

2016/11/5

13.4

8.1

0.305

191

23.2

0.7

9.5

20.1

0.1

S8

KNK-16-M002

2016/5/14

13.9

7.6

0.317

242

15.0

2.3

5.8

39.5

0.0

KNK-16-M043

2016/11/6

14.4

8.3

0.339

240

15.2

2.3

6.1

38.6

0.0

Sample type

Sampling site

Sample ID

Cl, mg/L

HCO3,

mg/L

CO3, mg/L

SO4, mg/L

Br, mg/L

4He, cm3STP/gH2O

20Ne, cm3STP/gH2O

3He/4He, Ra

δD,  ‰

δ18O, ‰

3H, TU

Mineral spring

Kashio A

KNK-16-M005

22500

76.0

0.0

0.4

34.2

3.93E−07

8.01E−09

1.39

 − 53.2

− 2.7

< 0.4

KNK-16-M009

22300

75.9

0.0

1.4

38.6

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 53.0

− 2.6

n.d.

KNK-16-M015

22300

76.3

0.0

0.0

39.1

2.89E−07

2.92E−08

1.23

− 53.3

− 2.7

n.d.

KNK-16-M020

22100

76.3

0.0

0.0

41.1

2.70E−07

3.74E−08

1.32

− 52.9

− 2.5

0.13 ± 0.02

KNK-16-M024

22500

76.4

0.0

0.0

41.6

2.72E−07

6.22E−08

1.25

− 53.1

− 2.5

n.d.

KNK-16-M025

22500

n.d.

n.d.

0.0

40.2

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 53.1

− 2.5

n.d.

KNK-16-M030

22700

75.4

0.0

0.5

34.1

7.93E−07

1.39E−08

1.36

− 53.3

− 2.7

0.14 ±0.02

Kashio B

KNK-16-M006

17100

119

0.0

3.4

25.9

6.29E−07

5.26E−08

1.37

− 59.7

− 5.0

0.6 ±0 1

KNK-16-M008

15000

117

0.0

8.1

26.1

5.25E−07

5.49E−08

1.38

− 60.4

− 5.3

1.0 ±  0.1

KNK-16-M010

10400

151

0.0

10.6

18.1

5.66E−07

3.88E−08

1.39

− 64.0

− 6.8

1.3 ± 0.2

KNK-16-M012

11200

145

0.0

9.8

19.6

9.29E−07

2.34E−08

1.44

− 63.4

− 6.4

1.0 ± 0.2

KNK-16-M013

10500

154

0.0

10.6

18.5

1.05E−06

1.51E−08

1.51

− 64.0

− 6.7

1.4 ± 0.1

KNK-16-M014

10200

154

0.0

10.9

17.9

9.13E−07

1.71E−08

1.48

− 63.8

− 6.8

n.d.

KNK-16-M018

13800

142

0.0

6.8

24.1

8.77E−07

3.65E−08

1.36

− 61.3

− 5.8

n.d.

KNK-16-M021

11200

149

0.0

9.6

21.7

9.59E−07

4.03E−08

1.37

− 63.0

− 6.5

1.3 ± 0.1

KNK-16-M022

10500

152

0.0

11.2

21.2

9.46E−07

3.99E−08

1.41

− 63.5

− 6.7

n.d.

KNK-16-M023

10200

157

0.0

11.2

20.8

6.61E−07

3.56E−08

1.46

− 64.0

− 6.9

1.2 ± 0.2

KNK-16-M029

11500

145

0.0

2.7

16.7

1.53E−06

2.03E−08

1.47

− 62.7

− 6.5

n.d.

Nyuya

KNK-16-M007

5050

339

0.0

2.4

8.8

1.95E−07

1.28E−07

1.72

− 76.2

− 9.7

n.d.

KNK-16-M017

6110

361

0.0

0.9

10.9

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 78.2

− 9.7

n.d.

KNK-16-M046

5940

365

0.0

1.1

8.7

2.47E−07

1.15E−07

1.75

− 78.0

− 9.7

n.d.

Syozu-no-yu

KNK-16-M004

66.9

0.0

16.3

0.9

0.1

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 74.5

− 10.9

n.d.

Sansyobo

KNK-16-M001

570

594

1.9

0.8

0.8

1.75E−06

1.60E−08

0.47

− 93.2

− 12.9

< 0.4

KNK-16-M042

606

619

0.0

0.5

0.9

 

n.d.

n.d.

− 93.8

− 12.9

n.d.

Koshibu

KNK-16-M003

25.6

232

16.4

1.7

0

2.64E−06

2.35E−07

0.50

− 90.1

− 13.0

< 0.4

KNK-16-M040

26.3

234

18.1

6.7

0

4.13E−06

3.92E−07

0.51

− 90.6

− 13.1

n.d.

River

R1 (Kashio)

KNK-16-M036

0.6

52.8

0.0

5.1

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 72.1

− 10.7

n.d.

R2 (Kashio)

KNK-16-M038

2.8

61.2

0.0

6.2

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 71.8

− 10.6

n.d.

R3 (Shiokawa)

KNK-16-M048

0.3

78.6

0.0

7.2

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 77.6

− 11.4

n.d.

R4 (Shiokawa)

KNK-16-M047

3.2

76.3

0.0

6.3

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 74.7

− 10.9

n.d.

R5 (Shiokawa)

KNK-16-M011

2.7

71.9

0.0

6.8

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 78.1

− 11.2

2.9 ± 0.2

KNK-16-M016

3.5

74.1

0.0

7.2

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 77.4

− 11.3

n.d.

KNK-16-M019

3.5

74.8

0.0

6.9

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 74.4

− 11.0

n.d.

KNK-16-M031

3.9

75.8

0.0

7.4

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 75.7

− 11.1

n.d.

R6 (Shiokawa)

KNK-16-M039

6.6

77.2

0.0

7.6

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 75.7

− 11.1

n.d.

R7 (Koshibu)

KNK-16-M041

0.2

69.4

0.0

14.9

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 81.3

− 11.8

n.d.

R8 (Koshibu)

KNK-16-M044

0.8

78.8

0.0

15.1

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 78.0

− 11.3

n.d.

Small spring

S1

KNK-16-M035

6.8

96.9

0.0

10.4

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 69.9

− 10.2

n.d.

S2

KNK-16-M037

1.4

118

0.5

16.4

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 72.6

− 10.6

n.d.

S3-1

KNK-16-M027

0.6

81.1

0.0

8.3

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 74.3

− 11.1

n.d.

S3-2

KNK-16-M028

19.7

112

0.0

19.1

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 74.3

− 10.9

n.d.

S4

KNK-16-M045

14.8

8.0

0.0

8.2

0

4.29E−08

1.75E−07

0.94

− 68.6

− 10.0

n.d.

S5

KNK-16-M032

26.1

33.8

0.0

12.7

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 68.1

− 10.0

n.d.

S6

KNK-16-M033

1.1

64.5

0.0

22.0

0

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

− 74.4

− 10.8

n.d.

S7

KNK-16-M034

31.9

79.6

0.0

25.6

0

4.04E−08

1.63E−07

0.97

− 70.4

− 10.2

n.d.

S8

KNK-16-M002

6.5

134

0.0

38.8

0

4.46E−07

2.90E−07

0.71

− 75.9

− 10.9

n.d.

KNK-16-M043

6.5

133

0.0

37.2

0

4.48E−07

2.78E−07

0.72

− 76.1

− 10.8

n.d.

  1. n.d. means “not determined”. “Sampling time” shows the elapsed times (h) from the start of commercial pumping from the Kashio B well to each water sampling from the Kashio wells