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Table 1 Selection criteria for satellite (Champ and Swarm) and ground observatory data

From: Sequential modelling of the Earth’s core magnetic field

Mag. latitude

\(|\text{mag}. \; \text{lat}.| \ge 55^\circ\)

\(|\text{mag}. \; \text{lat}.| \le 55^\circ\)

Data type

Swarm

Champ

Obs.

Swarm

Champ

Obs.

Time sampling

\({60}\,{\mathrm{s}}\)

\({60}\,{\mathrm{s}}\)

\({1}\,{\mathrm{h}}\)

\({30}\,{\mathrm{s}}\)

\({20}\,{\mathrm{s}}\)

\({1}\,{\mathrm{h}}\)

Local time

23:00–5:00

23:00–5:00

23:00–5:00

\(\mathrm {D}_{\text{st}}\)

\([-30: 30]{}\,{\mathrm{nT}}\)

\([-30: 30]{}\,{\mathrm{nT}}\)

\([-30: 10]{}\,\,{\mathrm{nT}}\)

\([-30: 30]{}\,{\mathrm{nT}}\)

\([-30: 30]{}\,{\mathrm{nT}}\)

\([-30: 10]{}\,{\mathrm{nT}}\)

IMF

\(B^{\mathrm {IMF}}_z> 0\)

\(B^{\mathrm {IMF}}_z> 0\)

\(B^{\mathrm {IMF}}_z> 0\)

\(B^{\mathrm {IMF}}_z> 0\)

\(B^{\mathrm {IMF}}_z> 0\)

\(B^{\mathrm {IMF}}_z> 0\)

Sunlit area excl.

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

\(N_{\mathrm {v}}\)

1,104,672

637,561

906,513

822,246

1,004,634

1,646,564