Fig. 1From: Relative contributions of large-scale and wedgelet currents in the substorm current wedgeSMU/SML indices, ASI north–south keogram at pre-midnight, maximum upward current north–south keogram at each latitude at pre-midnight, ASI east–west keogram at 65°–70° MLAT, current east–west keogram integrated over latitude, and GOES magnetic field. a–f and g–l are for the 16 February 2010 and 28 February 2014 substorms. GOES-11 and 15 are about −70° MLON and reach midnight at 9 UT. The dashed lines and pink arrows highlight auroral and current enhancements. The solid line in Panels d and j marks the magnetic midnight meridianBack to article page