Fig. 8

Time evolutions of a \(\sqrt {{\text{d}}P}\) (Eq. 40) and b \(\sqrt {{\text{d}}P_{wo} }\) (Eq. 41) from the release times, 2014.75 for our numerical experiments and 2015.00 for IGRF-12. Four results in a, Cases C1, A4, A5, and A6, are the same as the results in Fig. 6e. Newly added blue and orange lines indicate the extrapolation of SV at 2014.25 of the MCM6 model, and the case without SV from 2014.25, respectively. See Table 1 for the values of \(\sqrt {{\text{d}}P}\) and \(\sqrt {{\text{d}}P_{wo} }\) 4.50 years after the release time