Fig. 9

Comparison of Gauss coefficients between the final SV of our candidate model (the blue lines) and the forecasts by the Ens. wei. sum by Eq. (13) (the red dashed lines). The gray shadow areas behind the final SV correspond to the error provided in our SV model. The green solid lines behind the red dashed line denote the MCM6 model. The orange lines show time evolution of Gauss coefficients obtained from the MHD dynamo simulation with the initial condition at the end of the assimilation window, 2019.25 (the MHD forecast with \(k^{\prime} = K\) in Eq. 16)