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Fig. 12 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 12

From: Geomagnetic core field models and secular variation forecasts for the 13th International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13)

Fig. 12

Prediction lengths for the first 26 toroidal flow coefficients estimated from different forecast experiments with forecasts started in 1995 (top panel), in 2005 (middle panel) and in 2015 (bottom panel), respectively. The solid horizontal red lines represent mean prediction lengths in years derived from the first 26 toroidal flow coefficients. Top axes indicate degrees of the spherical harmonic expansion

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