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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Geomagnetic core field models and secular variation forecasts for the 13th International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13)

Fig. 3

Observed and modeled secular variation at some observatory sites. From top to bottom: Sitka (Alaska), Chambon-la-Forêt (France), Kakioka (Japan), Hermanus (South Africa), Gnangara (Australia). The gray dots represent the observed monthly secular variation in X, Y and Z (from left to right). Solid curves display the modeled secular variation of Model 1 (black) and Model 2 (red). Vertical lines mark occurrences of geomagnetic jerks

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