Fig. 2

Magnetic mirror point latitude (\(\lambda _{\text{m}}\)) as a function of initial gyro-phase (\(\psi\)) for (a) oxygen (blue), and proton (magenta) ( c) electron (red) of energy 5 MeV, \(L= 4\) and 5, and \(\alpha _{\text{eq}} = 30^{\circ }\). Maximum radial distance at equator (\(r_{\text{max}}\)) as a function of initial gyro-phase (\(\psi\)) for (b) oxygen, and proton of energy 5 MeV initially placed at \(x_0=L-r_\text{L}\) (d) electron of energy 5 MeV initially placed at \(x_0=L+r_\text{L}\) with \(L=5\), and \(\alpha _{\text{eq}}=90^{\circ }\)