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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: L-shell and energy dependence of magnetic mirror point of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere

Fig. 3

Illustration of the dipolar magnetic field lines of the Earth in the Geocentric Solar Ecliptic coordinate system. The Earth’s centre is at the origin [0 0 0], and the magnetic field lines corresponding to \(L = 3\) to 6 are shown. The solid red and magenta lines correspond to the theoretical magnetic mirror points with the equatorial pitch angle of \(30^{\circ }\) and \(10^{\circ }\), respectively. The dotted lines correspond to the maximum deviation observed in the simulation with theoretical estimates of magnetic mirror point latitude. The dotted black circle represents the upper boundary of the ionosphere at 1000 km above the surface of the Earth

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