Fig. 6

Secular variation as derived from annual differences of observatory monthly means of a Tristan da Cunha (TDC) and b Saint Helena (SHE) geomagnetic observatories of the geocentric North (X), East (Y) and Vertical (Z) component (blue points). In addition, the external field description from the CHAOS6-x9 model was used to remove contributions of the magnetospheric ring current (RC), as shown by the red points. The black solid lines show the Mag.num IGRF parent model. The dashed lines are predictions from the CHAOS-6x9 model for comparison