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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 8 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 8

From: Adjoint-based direct data assimilation of GNSS time series for optimizing frictional parameters and predicting postseismic deformation following the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake

Fig. 8

Cost functions in the case of applying real GNSS time series. The red circles indicate the change in the cost function values only when the frictional parameters are optimized. The black star indicates the optimization result. The red triangles indicate the further updates of the frictional parameters when L49, a highly sensitive parameter of the cost function, is fixed to the optimum value. The blue circles show the results when simulation variables and frictional parameters are simultaneously optimized

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