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Table 2 Values of cost functions calculated by using Eq. (7) in the case of real GNSS time series

From: Adjoint-based direct data assimilation of GNSS time series for optimizing frictional parameters and predicting postseismic deformation following the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake

 

Optimization

Cost function

Frictional parameters

Initial values

Assimilation period

Prediction period

First-guess values

  

3.97*103

6.12*104

Optimized values

Optimized

Fixed

1.43*103

1.07*104

Optimized

Optimized

1.45*103

1.03*104

(including first-guess term of 1.17*102)