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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 11 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 11

From: Performance evaluation of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to unambiguously estimate plasma parameters from incoherent scatter radar signals

Fig. 11

Ratio between computing times of fittings using the PSO algorithm relative to fittings of the L–M algorithm at different signal fluctuation percentages (\(\delta (\%)\)). Vertical bars indicate the signal fluctuation thresholds of the MCLM method, for which the MCLM method should require only one L–M fit with random initial parameters

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