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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Performance evaluation of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to unambiguously estimate plasma parameters from incoherent scatter radar signals

Fig. 3

Scatter plot of estimated and input values of ion composition, obtained from the Monte Carlo analysis of different combinations of parameters known a priori from the plasma line using the PSO algorithm: a without a priori information, b given \({N}_{e}\), c given \({N}_{e}\) and \({T}_{e}/{T}_{i}\), and d given \({N}_{e}\) and \({T}_{e}\). Each color represents results obtained by simulations with a particular signal fluctuation percentage (\(\delta (\%)\)). Simulations were done with the full ion composition search range. Black dashed lines represent the maximum and minimum values of the confined ion composition search range of Wu et al. (2015)

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