Fig. 10
From: Numerical forecast of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere using GAIA
Statistical distribution of PTEC from the GAIA simulation output from 1996 to 2016 for the February–March–April season at local time (LT = UT + 9 h) a 20:00 and b noon at the 29° N latitudinal band, and normalized \(\widehat{P}\) value for the same season and latitude for LT c 20:00 and d noon. The blue lines in a, b are Gaussian fittings with the mean μ and the standard deviation σ, which are shown at the top right of each panel, and the numbers at the top center indicate the ratio of samples within |PTEC|< 20%. The numbers at the top center of c, d are the ratio of samples within |\(\widehat{P}\)TEC|< 1