Fig. 9
From: Numerical forecast of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere using GAIA
a Time variation of zonal mean neutral temperature at the southern pole at 10 hPa altitude from extended simulations carried out from August 26 to September 5, 2019; b maximum increase of the temperature within September 6–13, 2019, and c time variation of latitudinal distribution of zonal mean neutral temperature at 10 hPa from September 1 to 13, 2019 in each simulation run. Black line in a shows the variation under WJRA setting, and other line colors distinguish the simulation date indicated with colors of diamonds in b. The simulation date for c is labeled in the top of each plot