Fig. 13

Summary of the mechanism of crustal pore pressure change (Pp) associated with rainfall (modified from Talwani et al. 1997). a The time duration for the immediate high pore pressure (due to undrained effect) and pore pressure diffusion to occur with the increasing water level. The schematic figures of b immediate loading and c pore pressure diffusion in a later time. The white arrow in b represents the immediate increase of pore pressure due to undrained condition. The white wavy arrows in c represent the pore pressure diffusion