Fig. 4
From: Ionospheric disturbance caused by artificial plasma clouds under different release conditions
The plasma cloud distribution in the x–z plane (at t = 60 s) after 10 kg Ba release at 300 km, with no initial ionization (a, b, c), and the distribution of electron density and velocity over height at different times (d, e). The maximum densities at t = 5 s, 30 s, 90 s and 150 s are 1.05 × 107 cm−3, 4.17 × 106 cm−3, 2.11 × 106 cm−3 and 1.60 × 106 cm−3, respectively (d)