Fig. 9

Schematic illustration of the interpretation for examined volcanic tremor in the 2018 eruption and related hydrothermal system structure at Kusatsu-Shirane volcano. Hydrothermal fluid ascends (gray broken arrows) beneath Shirane and Ainomine induces surrounding seismic activity. A red arrow corresponds to inferred hydrothermal fluid injection to the cap-rock layer and that induced volcanic tremor