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Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Development of space environment customized risk estimation for satellites (SECURES)

Fig. 3

Time series data of LANL/MPA and global MHD simulation for a deep surface charging event during an isolated substorm that occurred at around 10:00 UT on February 15, 2006. The top three panels show the OMNI data: the three components of IMF (in the GSM coordinate system), solar wind speed, and solar wind density. The fourth and fifth panels show the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) estimated from the PCN index (Troshichev et al. 1996) and AU/AL indices (simulation data are shown by red lines). The sixth to eighth panels, respectively, show Ne, Ni, and simulated plasma density Nsim; Te, Ti, and simulated plasma temperature Tsim; and Pe, Pi, and simulated plasma pressure Psim. (The observed electron, ion, and simulation data are shown by the solid black, dotted black, and solid red lines, respectively.) The ninth panel shows the satellite potential. The bottom two panels show the satellite orbit in (MLT, L) and in (X, Y, Z) of the GSM coordinate system, respectively. The orange line in the seventh panel shows the estimated electron temperature Tsim-e

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