Fig. 4From: Temporal evolutions of \(\text {N}_2^+\) Meinel (1,2) band near \(1.5.\,\upmu \text {m}\) associated with aurora breakup and their effects on mesopause temperature estimations from OH Meinel (3,1) bandA summary plot for NIRAS measurements of OH Meinel (3,1) band and estimated OH rotational temperature on May 29, 2018. a SZA as a function of time b Sensor temperature variations in every 30 s (black) and 3-min average (red) c Geomagnetic field variations in H, D, and Z components observed by a fluxgate magnetometer at Syowa d Dynamic spectrum from 1451 to 1557 nm obtained by the NIRAS. e \(\text {P}_1\)(2), \(\text {P}_1\)(3), and \(\text {P}_1\)(4) line intensities in OH (3,1) band as a function of time. f Estimated OH rotational temperatures in every 3 min (black diamonds) and 30-min smoothed temperatures (red line). Errors of estimated temperatures are mostly less than 4 K. g Same as (f) but 15-min averaged temperatures by error-weighted scheme (black diamonds) and 60-min smoothed temperatures (red line)Back to article page