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Table 4 Evaluation of DeFN forecasts using the time-series CV

From: Operational solar flare prediction model using Deep Flare Net

Datasets

TSS (≥ M-class flares)

TSS (≥ C-class flares)

Training (2010–2011), Validation (2012), Test (2013)

0.49

0.53

Training (2010–2012), Validation (2013), Test (2014)

0.66

0.60

Training (2010–2013), Validation (2014), Test (2015)

0.77

0.66

Training (2010–2014), Validation (2015), Test (2016)

0.87

0.56

Training (2010–2015), Validation (2016), Test (2017)

0.72

0.61

Average

0.70

0.59