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Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Dip angles of active faults from the surface to the seismogenic zone inferred from a 2D numerical analysis of visco-elasto-plastic models: a case study for the Osaka Plain

Fig. 1

modified from Uchiyama et al. 2001). Basement rock, Miyakojima Formation, lower Tanaka Formation, upper Tanaka Formation, Namba Formation, and marine clay layer are illustrated in gray, brownish green, orange, brown, yellow, and black, respectively

a Locations of the drilling sites on the Osaka Plain referred to in this study. Faults and flexures of the Uemachi fault zone, as illustrated in red, include the Uemachi fault (Um1), Sakuragawa flexure (Um2), Nagai fault (Um3), and Suminoe flexure (Um4), and those of the Ikoma fault zone, as illustrated in blue, include the Katano fault (Ik1), Hirakata fault (Ik2), and Ikoma fault (Ik3) (Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion of MEXT 2001, 2004). The Butsunenji-yama and Taguchi faults, and the Sakamoto, Kumedaike and Konda faults are located to the north and the south of the mapped area, respectively. The inset indicates the location of the study area. Inland active faults in and around the Kinki region (Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion of MEXT 2005) are also shown in the inset. ATF, OwF, and NbF represent faults and flexures of the Arima-Takatsuki fault zone, Osaka-wan fault zone, and Nara Basin eastern edge fault zone, respectively. The epicenter of the 2018 northern Osaka earthquake proposed by Kato and Ueda (2019) is indicated by a star. b Columnar sections of the OD-1, TS, YU, OD-9, OT, OD-2, HA, and OD-3 drilling cores (partially

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