Fig. 11

Effect of changing the dip angle of the western fault (i.e., the Uemachi fault) on the development of the geologic structures. a–c The initial geometry (upper), final geometry (middle), and close-up of the final geometry (lower) of the linear fault case with a dip angle of 30° (a), the curved fault case (b), and the more curved fault case (c). The preexisting faults and newly formed faults (markers with a cumulative strain larger than 1) are illustrated in dark blue. UmF and IkF represent the surface positions of the Uemachi and Ikoma faults, respectively. The hypocenter of the 2018 northern Osaka earthquake (Kato and Ueda 2019), located 12 km beneath the surface position 14 km east from the Uemachi fault, is indicated by a star in the panels showing the result at 3 Myr. OD-1, Um and OD-3 indicate the location of the OD-1, OD-9 and OD-3 core sites, respectively. d Time evolution of the vertical displacement rates along the western and eastern faults for the curved case. e Time evolution of the sedimentation rates in the Uemachi Upland (i.e., at the location of the OD-9 core site) and at the location of the OD-3 core site for the curved case. The imposed sedimentation rates at the location of the OD-1 core site are also shown