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Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in low-latitude ionosphere using an automatic algorithm

Fig. 1

Example of MSTIDs and EPBs detected by the autonomous algorithm developed in this study and are, respectively, presented in a a 60 min. high-pass filtered GNSS-TEC for highlighting the features of MSTIDs and b the rate of TEC index (ROTI) for highlighting the structure of EPBs. The horizontal ranges and grids of the ionospheric phenomena detection (red lines) and the location of the GNSS stations (blue triangles) used in this study are presented in c with the latitude and longitude range of 20–30° N and 115–125° E and ~ 0.5 degree resolution for both zonal and meridional directions

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