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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 5 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 5

From: In situ observations of ions and magnetic field around Phobos: the mass spectrum analyzer (MSA) for the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission

Fig. 5

Observation configurations of MSA. a MSA observations 1 and 3 for measuring solar wind (SW) ions, scattered SW ions on the Phobos surface, and secondary ions sputtered by the SW from Phobos surface. b MSA observations 2 and 4 for measuring water ions from the torus and escaping ions from the Martian atmosphere. In the both panels, \(\varvec{B}\) and \(\varvec{E}\) indicate the magnetic and electric fields of the SW, respectively. The magnetometer measures \(\varvec{B}\), while \(E\) is derived from \(\varvec{E} = - \varvec{V} \times \varvec{B}\), where \(\varvec{V}\) denote the SW velocity measured by the ion analyzer. The Phobos/Mars-centric Solar Ecliptic coordinate system is used in panels a and b

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