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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Subpacket structure in strong VLF chorus rising tones: characteristics and consequences for relativistic electron acceleration

Fig. 1

The analysis of Van Allen Probes EMFISIS high-frequency wave magnetic field observations of a strong VLF chorus element observed during the 17 March 2013 event reveals the typical subpacket structure and relationship between wave amplitude and frequency. The RBSP-A spacecraft was at L ~ 5, ~ 02 MLT, and at a position ~ 4° off the equatorial plane. a Wave frequency (blue) and perpendicular wave magnetic field amplitude (black) are shown across the multiple subpackets comprising the chorus element. b The wave magnetic field spectrogram shows an extended (> 80 ms) period of gradually increasing wave power and frequency before the onset of the first strong subpacket at 43.65 s

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