Fig. 1
From: 3-D global hybrid simulations of magnetospheric response to foreshock processes
Case I: spatial contours of ion density \(N\) at \(t = 100~\Omega _{{i0}}^{{ - 1}}\) showing the 3-D structures of self-consistently generated global system. a Presents the global view of \(N\) in the noon-meridian and equatorial planes, and the Earth is also shown at the origin in our GSM coordinate system. The white dashed lines roughly mark the magnetopause and bow shock positions, respectively. b, c Give the zoom-in equatorial views of Q-|| foreshock. Typical magnetic field lines with arrows showing the field line direction are displayed in a and b. Note that the 3-D field lines in a are partly hidden by the contour planes which are completely opaque. The wiggled field lines in the foreshock region are caused by the ion foreshock disturbance. Typical foreshock cavities and compressional pressure pulses are illustrated in c