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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Response of a hydrothermal system to escalating phreatic unrest: the case of Turrialba and Irazú in Costa Rica (2007–2012)

Fig. 3

Representative images of the exhalative and eruptive activity of the summit craters of Turrialba from 2007 to present times. a View from the north in April 2007 with a diffuse fumarolic degassing from the SW crater. b View from the east in December 2009 showing an increased gas discharge from the SW crater. c Aerial view in 2011 showing the location of “boquete 1–2010” vent and Arbol Quemado fracture along the flanks of SW crater. Note to the south (black star) the burned native mountain forest due to acidic rains related to gas emission from the “boquete 1–2010” vent. d View from the east in December 2014 of the new crater opened along the flank between the SW and Central craters of Turrialba during the latest eruptive cycle (ongoing at the moment of writing). Note the substantial thickness of ash and blocks related to this eruptive cycle largely covering the flanks of Central crater (black star), which is filled by an ephemeral lake. Pictures by R. Mora-Amador (a, d), D. Rouwet (b) and G. González-Ilama (c)

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