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Table 4 Porosity and permeability of the main conduit and temperature of the injected fluid found to simulate the temperature trend in the fumarole F5AT (Vulcano Island) from January 2001 to April 2005

From: Influence of permeability on the hydrothermal system at Vulcano Island (Italy): inferences from numerical simulations

Simulated period

Porosity in the FC conduit

Permeability in the FC conduit (m2)

Injection temperature (°C)

Steady-state conditions

0.1

5 × 10–15

600

1 Jan. 2001–30 June 2003:

   

 1 Jan. 01–04 Feb. 02

 05 Feb. 02–23 Aug. 02

 24 Aug. 02–30 June 03

0.1

1.25 × 10–12

1.9 × 10–12

2.6 × 10–12

600

620

620

1 July 2003–5 Nov. 2005

0.1

3.87 × 10–12

620

6 Nov. 2005–13 Jan. 2005

0.45

8.2 × 10–12

700

14 Jan. 2005–30 April 2005:

   

 14 Jan. 05–4 March 05

 5 March 05–13 April 05

 14 April 05–30 April 05

0.1

3 × 10–12

2.5 × 10–12

1.5 × 10–12

600

600

600

  1. The initial permeability configuration is LP