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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 9 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 9

From: Crisis hazard assessment for snow-related lahars from an unforeseen new vent eruption: the 2018 eruption of Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan

Fig. 9

Snowpack with intercalation of the 2018 tephra fall deposits on the northern and proximal slope nearby Motoshirane (1838 m a.s.l.) on April 10, 2018 in the snowmelt season. a A 2.75 m depth snowpack with patchy tephra exposure on the snow surface, and b A-10-cm thick ice layer developing above the 2018 eruption deposits (dark gray, 2 cm thick), overlain by water-saturated snow layer. Partly dark-colored part below the ashfall deposits is due to the wet snow (not ash infiltration); it became darker when water flowed from the above layer during digging the pit

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