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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Atmospheric oxygenation of the early earth and earth-like planets driven by competition between land and seafloor weathering

Fig. 3

Response of the system against continental growth with Proterozoic-like ecosystem. The dependence of pCO2, surface temperature, export production rate, and pO2 (PAL) on the continental area (A–D) and CO2 outgassing flux (E–H), calculated for low primary productivity of anaerobic photoautotrophs (Fred = 7.50 × 1010 mol C year–1), bioavailable fraction of the riverine phosphorus (γbio = 1), solar luminosity (83% of present Earth), seafloor spreading rate (1.307 times the present rate), and soil biological activity (fe = 0.15). A–D The dependence on the continental area at different CO2 outgassing rates. Steady states for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times the present CO2 outgassing rate are shown with blue, cyan, grey, pink, and red lines, respectively. E–H The dependence on CO2 outgassing rate at different continental areas. Steady states for 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 times the present continental area of the Earth are shown with blue, cyan, grey, pink, and red lines, respectively

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