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Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: On the relationship between energy input to the ionosphere and the ion outflow flux under different solar zenith angles

Fig. 1

Example of observations at high latitudes. Omnidirectional energy–time spectrograms of differential energy flux of a electrons and b ions, and c number fluxes of ions observed by IESA. Blue and green bars indicate the periods of the outflow regions (“Dataset and selection of ion outflow events” section) and the polar cap (Appendix A4), respectively. Black and red bars indicate the periods that are selected for the identification of the subauroral zone, and they are related to the high background count rates and double loss cones, respectively (Appendix A5). A white polygonal line in Fig. 1b is the upper energy limit for the calculation of number flux of ions

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