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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to fixed magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere during a period of large IMF BY: a high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling

Fig. 1

Schematic illustration that shows the geometry of the simulation. The x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are directed eastward, northward, and upward. The peak of electron energy flux (\(Q_{0}\)) is located at the center (\(y = 0\) km). The peak of southward electric field (\(E_{{\text{y}}}\)) is shifted from the center to the north to maximize the upward field-aligned current at the center

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