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Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Comparison of volcanic explosions in Japan using impulsive ionospheric disturbances

Fig. 3

(Top) Geometry of volcanoes (large stars), SIP tracks (gray curves) and SIP positions at the time of the eruptions (small yellow stars), and GNSS stations (squares). We show the STEC time series for the three pairs of stations and satellites (three satellites from one station for the second Shin-Moe eruption, and one satellite from three stations for the rest) for each of the five examples of explosive eruptions in Japan. (bottom) STEC changes after removing the long-period changes over 45 min periods (from 15 min before eruption to 30 min after eruption) for the five cases studied here. Small disturbances can be seen ~ 10 min after the eruptions

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