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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 5 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 5

From: Episode 4 (2019–2020) Nishinoshima activity: abrupt transitions in the eruptive style observed by image datasets from multiple satellites

Fig. 5Fig. 5

High-resolution satellite images and aerial photographs of the Episode 4 activity of Nishinoshima. a Northeastern part of Nishinoshima taken on 16 April 2020 (WorldView-3). b Close-up of the northeastern part of the pyroclastic cone (the same image as a). c Close-up of part of the deltaic landform near the coast formed by small lava lobes (the same image as a). d Aerial photograph of the Western lava flow taken on 29 June by the Japan Coast Guard (Japan Coast Guard 2021); “Q” is the same point as in f. e Close-up of the flow front of the Southern lava flow taken on 29 June by the Japan Coast Guard (Japan Coast Guard 2021). f Southwestern slope of the pyroclastic cone photographed on 29 June by the Japan Coast Guard (Japan Coast Guard 2021). g Main part of the Southern lava flow and the pyroclastic cone imaged on 3 July 2020 (ALOS-2). h The same area as g and i on 17 July 2020 (ALOS-2). i The same area as g and h on 31 July 2020 (ALOS-2). j Flow front of the Southern lava flow imaged on 19 July (WorldView-3). Many large blocks can be recognized on the surface. k Lava fountain observed from a JMA observation vessel on 11 July (imaged by JMA). l Release of fine ash resulting from the phreatomagmatic eruption (imaged on 30 July by SN). m Wide-spread ash plume released by the phreatomagmatic eruptions of Stage 3 observed by Himawari-8 on 2 August 2020 (NICT Science Cloud 2021)

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