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Table 1 Effusion rate, cumulative erupted volume, and content of pyroclastic rocks estimated by the topographic method using ALOS-2 images

From: Episode 4 (2019–2020) Nishinoshima activity: abrupt transitions in the eruptive style observed by image datasets from multiple satellites

Eposide 4/stage

Date

Term (day)

Effusion rate

Cumurative erupted volume (m3)

Content percentage of pyroclastic rocks (%)

(m3 day-1)

(m3 s1)

Stage 1

5 Dec 2019–6 Dec 2019

1

380,000

4.40

428,000

14

7 Dec 2019–20 Dec 2019

14

501,000

5.80

7,570,000

6

21 Dec 2019–3 Jan 2020

14

389,000

4.50

13,100,000

13

4 Jan 2020–17 Jan 2020

14

415,000

4.80

18,900,000

15

18 Jan 2020–31 Jan 2020

14

496,000

5.74

26,100,000

3

1 Feb 2020–14 Feb 2020

14

379,000

4.38

31,500,000

5

15 Feb 2020–28 Feb 2020

14

371,000

4.29

36,900,000

2

1 Mar 2020–13 Mar 2020

14

379,000

4.39

42,300,000

4

14 Mar 2020–27 Mar 2020

14

390,000

4.52

47,900,000

4

28 Mar 2020–24 Apr 2020

28

319,000

3.69

57,100,000

3

25 Apr 2020–8 May 2020

14

598,000

6.92

65,700,000

1

9 May 2020–22 May 2020

14

563,000

6.52

73,800,000

4

23 May 2020–5 Jun 2020

14

670,000

7.75

83,400,000

4

6 Jun 2020–19 Jun 2020

14

559,000

6.46

91,400,000

7

20 Jun 2020–29 Jun 2020

10

2,190,000

25.30

113,000,000

45 (69*)

Stage 2

30 Jun 2020–3 Jul 2020

4

2,610,000

30.20

123,000,000

45 (73*)

4 Jul 2020–17 Jul 2020

14

523,000

6.06

130,000,000

75 (88*)

18 Jul 2020–31 Jul 2020

14

187,000

2.16

132,000,000

100

Stage 3

1 Aug 2020–14 Aug 2020

14

8210

0.10

132,000,000

100

15 Aug 2020–20 Aug 2020

6

16,400

0.19

132,000,000

100

  1. The values with asterisks in parentheses in the last column show the results when 50% of the Stage 2 lava is assumed to be derived from the lava-fountain activity