Fig. 5From: Concurrent effects of Martian topography on the thermosphere and ionosphere at high northern latitudesComparison between Martian topography and ionospheric and thermospheric longitude variations. a Shows Martian topographic fluctuations; b presents latitude variations of the amplitudes of topographic longitude wave − 1 to − 6; c is averaged amplitudes of topographic longitude wave − 1 to − 6 over the latitude range of 30–90°N; d shows topographic longitude wave − 3. (e–g) are latitude variations of the longitude wave − 3 in hmM2, NmM2, and Hn, respectivelyBack to article page