Fig. 4
From: Deformation source revealed from leveling survey in Jigokudani valley, Tateyama volcano, Japan
a Cumulative opening of the crack during the period from 2015 to 2020. The cumulative opening is calculated from changes in volume over periods of 1 year (2015–2016, 2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2018–2019 and 2019–2020). Error bars are 99% confidence intervals estimated from an F-test. b Comparison of observed and calculated vertical displacements with respect to BM. 1. Error bars are 3σ