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Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Role of hard X-ray emission in ionospheric D-layer disturbances during solar flares

Fig. 3

Interference pattern for NRK (top panel) and GQD (middle panel) and NSY (bottom panel) vs. the reflection height. The sub-panels display the VLF time-profile for the X9.3 flare for NRK and GQD, and the X8.3 for NSY (since the transmitter was off for the biggest flare). Example of reflection height variation during the flare is indicated with the vertical dashed lines, while the arrow indicates the direction followed during the flare rise

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