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Table 2 Characteristics of the selected flares

From: Role of hard X-ray emission in ionospheric D-layer disturbances during solar flares

Class

Date (MM/DD/YYYY)

SXR peak flare time [UT]

SZA\(_\text{NRK}\) (deg)

SZA\(_\text{GQD}\) (deg)

SZA\(_\text{NSY}\) (deg)

C6.1

01/21/2017

11:08

79.21

73.08

63.25

C4.1

02/22/2017

13:27

67.51

63.82

58.68

C3.2

03/27/2017

11:12

56.67

50.44

40.55

M5.3

04/02/2017

08:02

73.91

68.30

59.14

M2.3

04/02/2017

13:00

52.05

48.15

43.12

C4.2

04/02/2017

15:08

59.95

60.05

61.46

C3.8

04/03/2017

08:14

71.98

66.22

56.83

C3.9

04/03/2017

11:13

53.85

47.63

37.79

C3.4

04/03/2017

13:06

51.81

48.10

43.45

C7.3

04/03/2017

13:24

52.36

49.21

45.55

M5.8

04/03/2017

14:28

56.09

55.00

54.66

C5.5

04/06/2017

12:10

50.49

45.28

37.72

C3.3

04/18/2017

09:41

56.21

49.73

39.13

C8.0

06/02/2017

17:57

67.23

72.29

80.94

M1.3

07/03/2017

16:14

51.98

55.09

61.24

C4.0

07/09/2017

09:12

50.49

44.62

35.25

C5.3

07/09/2017

12:09

34.97

29.60

22.39

C6.3

08/27/2017

15:16

56.70

57.39

59.83

C7.7

09/02/2017

15:41

61.59

62.89

66.09

C8.3

09/04/2017

12:25

49.93

45.18

38.60

M1.5

09/04/2017

15:30

61.08

62.05

64.77

M3.8

09/05/2017

06:40

82.91

78.56

71.41

C5.4

09/05/2017

10:19

56.35

49.79

39.10

C6.9

09/05/2017

13:34

51.90

49.26

46.51

C3.7

09/05/2017

16:18

67.21

69.44

73.88

C4.6

09/05/2017

17:15

74.47

77.93

84.10

M2.3

09/05/2017

17:43

78.24

82.25

89.18

X2.2

09/06/2017

09:10

63.72

57.37

46.98

X9.3

09/06/2017

12:02

50.94

45.64

37.88

M2.5

09/06/2017

15:56

64.79

66.43

70.04

M1.4

09/07/2017

09:54

59.30

52.74

41.99

X1.1(a)

09/07/2017

10:15

57.34

50.77

40.07

C3.0

09/07/2017

12:14

51.12

46.11

38.96

X1.3

09/07/2017

14:36

56.88

56.22

56.55

M8.1

09/08/2017

07:49

74.40

68.90

59.93

C5.9

09/08/2017

12:13

51.50

46.48

39.28

M2.9

09/08/2017

15:47

64.48

65.85

69.08

M3.7

09/09/2017

11:04

54.35

48.10

38.18

X8.2

09/10/2017

16:06

67.47

69.30

73.13

C3.0

09/12/2017

07:29

78.15

72.86

64.19

C8.1

07/02/2018

13:47

73.29

69.99

65.36

C4.6

10/02/2018

13:22

71.58

67.66

62.00

C4.6

03/30/2018

08:04

74.84

69.17

59.91

C5.0

01/26/2019

13:22

76.06

72.15

66.39

M1.1

05/29/2020

07:24

64.37

60.05

53.31

C9.3

05/29/2020

10:46

39.85

33.30

22.67

C3.5

10/16/2020

15:11

75.22

75.11

75.67

C4.3

10/29/2020

11:50

70.79

65.59

57.63

C3.8

11/26/2020

12:53

78.35

74.32

68.30

M4.4

11/29/2020

13:11

79.29

75.62

70.21

C4.0

12/14/2020

14:37

84.82

82.97

80.44

C4.3

04/22/2021

09:21

57.15

50.82

40.49

C3.7

04/22/2021

10:49

48.52

42.05

31.64

C4.0

05/09/2021

13:58

42.94

41.74

41.91

C3.2

05/22/2021

15:35

50.01

52.16

57.00

M1.1

05/22/2021

17:11

62.57

66.82

74.36

M1.1

05/23/2021

11:08

39.09

32.71

22.63

C3.0

05/28/2021

09:57

44.84

38.39

27.87

C3.7

06/09/2021

09:07

49.82

43.96

34.63

C3.6

06/30/2021

18:15

68.21

73.47

82.41

M2.7

07/03/2021

07:17

65.26

61.26

55.07

X1.5

07/03/2021

14:29

39.84

39.91

42.21

M1.0

07/03/2021

17:03

58.52

62.63

70.06

C6.0

07/09/2021

07:55

60.71

56.03

48.72

C7.0

07/09/2021

10:50

39.64

33.08

22.40

C4.7

07/09/2021

17:25

61.89

66.34

74.18

M1.0

10/26/2021

15:57

83.29

84.18

86.11

M1.4

10/28/2021

07:40

89.86

83.76

73.69

M2.0

10/28/2021

10:28

73.57

67.26

57.13

X1.0

10/28/2021

15:35

81.56

81.87

82.94

  1. The three first columns indicate the flare class, the date of occurrence and the peak time as seen in the SXR spectrum. The three last columns indicate the solar zenith angle (SZA) at the reflection point from NSY , GQD, and NRK, respectively.
  2. aThe GOES flare list indicates an M7.3 while the peak flux of this event is \(1.1\times 10^{-4}\)W/m\(^2\). Thus, we label this event as an X1.1