Fig. 6From: Propagation characteristics of sporadic E and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs): statistics using HF Doppler and GPS-TEC data in JapanThe propagation parameters of Es and MSTIDs derived by using data from corresponding E and F region data points. The format of the plots is the same as the ones in Fig. 5. Total number of samples was 68. a Propagation directions of Es and MSTIDs in 2014–2017. b Speeds of Es and MSTIDs in 2014–2017Back to article page