Fig. 7From: Propagation characteristics of sporadic E and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs): statistics using HF Doppler and GPS-TEC data in Japana LT variation of the number of events. b LT variation of the averaged propagation speed. c LT variation of the averaged propagation directions. In the panel b and c, red circles indicate the parameters of Es and blue circles do MSTIDsBack to article page